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Unveiling the Rich History of American Indian Education: A Journey of Resilience and Resistance

Spencer Powell

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Published in American Indian Education: A History

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The history of American Indian education is a complex and multifaceted narrative that has been intertwined with the broader history of colonization, assimilation, and resistance in the United States. From the early days of European settlement to the present day, Native American students have faced significant challenges in accessing and succeeding in the education system. However, they have also demonstrated incredible resilience and determination in pursuing their educational goals.

American Indian Education: A History

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Language	:	English
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Colonial Era and Assimilation

The history of American Indian education can be traced back to the colonial era, when European missionaries and settlers established schools with the aim of converting Native Americans to Christianity and assimilating them into white society. These schools often used harsh methods, including corporal punishment and the suppression of Native languages and cultures. The goal was to "kill the Indian, save the man," as the saying went.

In the 19th century, the federal government took over the responsibility for Indian education, and the focus shifted to boarding schools. These schools were designed to remove Native children from their families and communities and to immerse them in white culture. The curriculum emphasized vocational training and the suppression of Native languages and traditions. The boarding school system had a devastating impact on Native American families and communities, and its legacy continues to be felt today.

Federal Indian Policy and Self-Determination

In the 20th century, federal Indian policy began to shift towards self-determination, giving Native American tribes more control over their own affairs, including education. The Indian Education Act of 1972 was a landmark piece of legislation that provided funding for Native American-controlled schools and programs. This act helped to improve the quality of education for Native American students and to promote the preservation of their languages and cultures.

Tribal Colleges and Universities

One of the most significant developments in American Indian education in recent decades has been the establishment of tribal colleges and universities. These institutions are controlled by Native American tribes and offer a culturally relevant education that emphasizes Native American languages, cultures, and perspectives. Tribal colleges and universities have played a vital role in increasing the number of Native American students who earn college degrees.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the progress that has been made, Native American students continue to face significant challenges in the education system. They are more likely than white students to drop out of school, and they are less likely to earn college degrees. They also face higher rates of poverty and unemployment than white students.

However, there are also many opportunities for Native American students to succeed in the education system. There are a number of federal and state programs that provide financial aid and other support to Native American students. There are also a number of organizations that are working to improve the quality of education for Native American students.

The history of American Indian education is a complex and challenging one. However, it is also a story of resilience and resistance. Native American students have faced significant obstacles in their pursuit of education, but they have also made great strides in recent decades. Tribal colleges and universities are playing a vital role in increasing the number of Native American students who earn college degrees, and there are a number of organizations that are working to improve the quality of education for Native American students.

As the United States continues to grapple with its history of colonialism and assimilation, it is essential that we work to create a more equitable and inclusive education system for all students, including Native American students. This means providing funding for Native American-controlled schools and programs, supporting tribal colleges and universities, and working to address the root causes of poverty and inequality that Native American students face.

By investing in Native American education, we can help to ensure that all students have the opportunity to succeed, regardless of their race or ethnicity.

Image Credits

Boarding school students, circa 1900 (Rebecca Kent / Flickr)
Navajo students at a boarding school, circa 1920 (Mesa Verde National Park / Flickr)
Native American students at a tribal college, 2018 (Rebecca Kent / Flickr)

American Indian Education: A History

4.5 out of 5